solar power how does it work

solar power harnesses energy from the sun and converts it into electricity, providing a clean and renewable source of energy. The process begins with solar panels, which are made up of many photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are composed of semiconductor materials, usually silicon, that absorb sunlight. When sunlight hits the PV cells, it excites electrons, creating an electric current. This direct current (DC) electricity is then sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity—the type used in homes and businesses. Solar power systems can be installed on rooftops or in large solar farms, capturing sunlight throughout the day. Excess energy generated can be stored in batteries for use during nighttime or cloudy days, ensuring a continuous power supply. Using solar power reduces reliance on fossil fuels, decreases greenhouse gas emissions, and lowers electricity bills. As technology advances, solar energy is becoming more efficient and affordable, making it a vital part of the transition to sustainable energy worldwide. By understanding how solar power works, individuals and communities can make informed decisions to support a cleaner, greener future.